Diabetic neuropathy tests typically involve a combination of clinical assessments, physical examinations, and diagnostic tests to evaluate nerve function and detect signs of neuropathy in individuals with diabetes. These tests may include:

• Sensory examinations: Assessing sensation in the feet and legs using tools like a monofilament or tuning fork to detect loss of sensation, tingling, or pain.
• Neurological examinations: Evaluating muscle strength, reflexes, coordination, and balance to identify signs of nerve damage.
• Nerve conduction studies (NCS): NCS measures the speed and strength of electrical signals as they travel along peripheral nerves, helping to diagnose and quantify nerve damage.
• Electromyography (EMG): EMG assesses muscle activity and detects abnormalities in nerve-muscle communication, aiding in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.
• Autonomic function tests: These tests evaluate the function of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and bladder function. Examples include heart rate variability testing and sudomotor testing.
• Skin biopsy: A skin biopsy may be performed to assess nerve fiber density and identify small fiber neuropathy, which is common in diabetic neuropathy.
• Blood tests: Blood tests may be conducted to measure blood sugar levels, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and other markers of diabetes control, as well as to rule out other potential causes of neuropathy.