Fundoscopy, also known as ophthalmoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the back of the eye, specifically the retina, optic disc, and blood vessels. During a fundoscopic examination, an ophthalmoscope—a handheld instrument with a light and magnifying lens—is used to visualize the interior structures of the eye. Fundoscopy is essential in the assessment of various eye conditions, including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. In diabetic retinopathy, for instance, fundoscopy helps identify abnormalities such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates in the retina, which are indicative of diabetic damage to the blood vessels. Early detection of these changes through fundoscopy enables prompt intervention and management to prevent vision loss. Fundoscopy is routinely performed by optometrists, ophthalmologists, and other healthcare professionals as part of comprehensive eye examinations to monitor eye health and detect signs of systemic diseases affecting the eyes.